Abraham Lincoln was our 16th president. He was the president of the Union.

---

Ulysses S. Grant was famous general of the Union army. Who is Jefferson Davis?

---

Jefferson Davis was elected president of the Confederate States of America (Confederacy).

---

Robert E. Lee was a famous general for the Confederacy, and he fought at the Battle of Gettysburg.

---

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was a famous Confederate colonel who fought in the Battle of Bull Run. He got his nickname because he stood strong during the battle and did not back down from the Union.

---

The Union is another name for the United States, but during the civil war it was known as being the northern states.

---

The Confederacy (Confederate States of America) was what the South became known as after they left the Union.

---

A “free state” is a state that did not permit slavery.

---

A “slave state” is a state that permitted slavery.

---

A “border state” is a slave state that stayed in the union but still allowed slavery.

---

The confederates decided to attack Fort Sumter, which is located in South Carolina, because they wanted control of the fort. Since president Lincoln decided not to surrender the fort, the Confederacy thought that meant Lincoln was declaring war. Finally after 34 hours of continuous cannon fire, the Union surrendered the fort. The Confederacy won.

---

The Battle of Gettysburg took place in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. General Robert E. Lee marched his army to meet the Union army in Gettysburg where they fought for three days. After half of the Confederacy’s soldiers were either killed or wounded in battle, General Lee retreated giving the victory to the Union.

---

General Ulysses S. Grant ordered General William T. Sherman to lead his army into Atlanta, GA. He chose Atlanta because it was a major Confederate city. General Sherman destroyed everything in his path that would benefit the Confederacy’s war effort (total war) from Atlanta, GA to Savannah, GA. He burned down homes, destroyed factories, stole food and killed animals to make sure the Confederates could no longer fight the war. This march of destruction was called Sherman’s March to the Sea.

---

Appomattox Court House is located in Virginia. This is where General Robert E. Lee officially surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant and agreed to rejoin the Union. The treaty to end the war was signed here.

---

Battle of Vicksburg occurred in Vicksburg, Mississippi. The Union army was trying to gain control of the Mississippi River in order to completely block all Confederate supplies. The Union army fired cannons into the town for 6 weeks until the Confederate town surrendered. This was a Union victory.

---

The Gettysburg Address was a speech given by Abraham Lincoln four months after the Battle of Gettysburg to honor the Union soldiers who lost their lives and to talk about the meaning of the war and its costs.

---

North's advantages: more factories to make supplies/weapons, more people and more Railroad systems for transportation supplies, weapons and soldiers

---

State's Rights, Slavery and Tariffs

---

South's advantages: Knowledge of the land (home-front battles) and more experienced war leaders.

---

The Emancipation Proclamation was something Abraham Lincoln put into place that set slaves free in the Confederate states, however it did not end slavery in the border states because they were still a part of the Union.

---

The Underground Railroad was a series of escape routes and hiding places to bring slaves out of the South. Harriet Tubman was a famous conductor who returned to the South 19 times and helped about 300 slaves escape to the North.

---

Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama, Tennessee, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, Virginia

---

Kansas, California, Oregon, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine

---

Missouri, Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland and Delaware

---

After a year of fighting just outside of Richmond, Virginia, the Union army was growing stronger. Due to lack of supplies and food, the General Robert E. Lee’s army became extremely weak. Lee decided to meet General Grant in a home in Appomattox Court House, Virginia to surrender. Lee signed a treaty ending the war and agreed to rejoin the Union.

---