What is the fossil record?
How does the fossil record support the concept of evolution?
List two pieces of anatomical evidence.
What are homologous structures?
How does our understanding of DNA support evolution?
He developed a theory called "inheritance of Acquired Traits".
What is the name of Darwin's theory of evolution
Describe 5 Major points in Darwin's Theory
Compare Darwin's and Lamarck's theory of evolution
Describe why the Theory of Natural Selection supports the development of different species of finch on the Galapagos Islands
Define biological adaptations
Describe why adaptations apply to populations and not organisms
Describe the adaptations that occurred in the evolution of the horses leg
Why is genetic variation essential for adaptation to occur?
What role does adaptation play in natural selection?
Define Allele Frequency
How can evolution be defined in terms of allele frequency?
Define "gene pool".
How does allele frequency relate to Natural selection?
Does natural selection act on the genotype or phenotype of a species during evolution?
Define the term evolution
How do we know humans and dinosaurs were not alive at the same time?
Does evolution occur in individuals or populations? Why?
Describe an example of evolution occurring in modern times.
Compare Natural Selelction to Artificial Selection
The fossil record is the information contained in fossils located in sequential layers of rock
Fossil record shows the evolution of species as they change over time, including the extinction of species and the evolution of new species
Vestigial and Homologous structures
Homologous strucutres are those structures in two or more different species that may have different functions but arose from identical cells
Species that are closely related have very similar DNA sequences while species that are distantly related have less similar DNA sequences. This supports evolution, as those species that have simlar DNA sequences likely arose from a common ancestor more recently than those with very different DNA sequences
Lamarck
Theory of Natural Selection
Descent with modification; organisms reproduce more offspring than can survive; Organisms compete for liimited resources; There is natural variation in populations; Variations in traits can be inherited and provide some organisms advantages over others in terms of survival and reproduction
Both scientists described variation in populations and change in populations over time. However, Lamarck's theory was based on the concept that individuals could acquire traits that helped them survive and that those traits would be passed on to the offspring. Darwin thought that only the traits organisms are born with can be passed down to offspring
The different finches on each of the Galapaos were similar yet had very different beaks and survived and reproduced on different types of food. Therefore, Darwin proposed that competition for food on each of the islands promoted some adapations over others, creating species of finches with different types of beaks.
Adaptations are those characteristics that increase a species ability to survive and reproduce
Adaptations apply to populations as they represent changes in species behavior or physical appearance that happen on a population rather than an individual. If one individual has a variation in phenotype, it doesn't become an adaptation unless it becomes a widespread change in many members of the population and is passed down over generations, eventually resulting in a change in allele frequency.
The horse's leg evolved from a 5 toed short statured animal to a taller animal with one long toe. These were adaptations because they allowed the horse to escape predators by running on the flat plains.
Genetic variation must be present so that different phenotypes are selected for when subject to different environmental pressures (climate change, habitat loss, introduction of predators and competitors)
Adaptation is the species response to change in the environment based on the natural variation in a species. Adaptation must occur across a population as a single change in an organism will not result in evolution by natural selection. Natural selection depends on variation in a population. If adaptation is not occurring, that species will not be changing over time and evolution by natural selection will not occur.
Allele frequency is the percent of the population with particular form of a gene
Evolution is a change in allele frequency over time.
Gene pool is the combined genetic information of a population. In other words, the amount of genetic variation in a population, the occurrence of various alleles in a population.
The most frequent allele will likely be for a trait that is most favorable to the environmental situation. That allele will mostly likely increase the likelihood the species will survive and reproduce.
Evolution by natural selection depends on the phenotype, as it is the physical appearance or expressed trait that will increase the likelihood of a species survival and reproduction.
Evolution is the change in species or populations over time; further, evolution is defined as the descent of modern organisms from common ancestors
We know that humans and dinosaurs were not alive at the same time because the fossil record indicates there was a significant gap between the more recent appearance of human fossils and the much earlier disappearnce of the dinosaur fossils.
A single change in an organism does not suggest that the change will be benefit the species as a whole; for a change to benefit the species and be passed down to future generations, the change must occur in greater frequency over time and promote the survival and reproduction of those individuals with that characteristic.
Antibiotic resistant bacteria are developing at a rapid pace due to the over prescription of anti biotics. When antibiotics are given, most of the bacteria will die; however, if the antibiotic is stopped too soon or given erratically, some bacteria may remain with resistant alleles. Those bacteria can multiply and produce a population of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
Natural selection is controlled by nature - environmental pressures, natural variation in a species. Artificial selection is controlled by humans using the natural variation in species. Artificial selection is used to refine traits that fulfill specific human needs while natural selection encourages evolution to create species that fit specific environmental situations.
