All cells must have what parts?
What makes prokaryotes different from eukaryotes?
Name the organelle that plants must have that animals do not.
What is the name of outer layer on a plant cell?
What is the shape of a plant cell and an animal cell?
Where are ribosomes made?
Name one difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER (besides the difference in the name!).
What is the purpose of the vacuole?
What is the purpose of the chlorplast and how is it different from the mitochondria.
Describe the path that proteins must take from when they are created to when they leave the cell.
What is passive transport?
Why is facilitated diffusion different from simple diffusion?
What is osmosis?
What kind of diffusion did we observe in the Red Onion Lab?
Why does a plant wilt when it is not watered?
What is active transport?
Name 3 types of active transport
Which direction is material moving during endocytosis?
Name two major differences between passive and active transport.
Name a material that could be leaving the cell during exocytosis.
What is a solvent?
A cell is sitting a solution of 65% salt. The cell has a salt concentration of 35%. Is the solution hypertonic, Hypotonic, or isotonic? How will the cell reach equilibrium?
Give an example of a eukaryotic organism and a prokaryotic organism.
My daughter loves salty peanuts but afterwards she always complains she's thirsty. Why is she so thirsty? Use terms related to cell transport in your answer.
Describe how cell transport helps maintain homeostasis.
Cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes
Prokaryotes have no nucleus
Chloroplast
Cell wall
Plant cells are more rectangular and animal cells are more round.
Nucleolus
Ribosomes are attached to the rough ER giving its "bumpy" appearance
Storage of materials, also provides support for an upright structure in plants.
Chloroplast turns sun energy into chemical energy (carbohydrates). Mitochondria turn chemical energy (e.g., carbohydrates) into usable energy (ATP)
Ribosomes are created in the nucleolus. Ribosomes leave nucleus and move to the cytoplasm. When they arrive at the Rough ER they begin making proteins from amino acids. Proteins are sent to the Golgi apparatus and there they are packaged for export through the cell membrane.
Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration.
Facilitated diffusion uses a protein channel to move materials from high to low concentration instead of molecuels moving through membrane without assistance.
Diffusion of water from high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis
As the water in the solution outside of the cell is depleted, water moves from inside the cell to outside the cell. This causes the vacuole to shrink, thus the plant loses its upright and rigid structure provided by a full vacuole.
Active Transport is the movement of materials from low concentration to high concentration (against the gradient) and requires energy.
Protein pump, endocytosis, exocytosis
Into cell
active requires energy and is moving from low to high concentration. passive does not require energy and is moving from high to low.
Waste, cell products (proteins)
Liquid that is dissolving the solute
The solution is hypertonic. Water will move from the cell into solution so that salt concentration inside and outside the cell is the same (equilibrium). The water concentration will also be the same.
Eukaryote: Any multicellular organism;
Prokaryote: bacteria
Water moves out of the cell into the solution outside of the cell in an attempt to balance the saltiness of the solution caused by the salty peanuts. Thirst is an indication that the cell's water supply has been depleted.
Homestasis is maintained when the internal environement remains stable. Cells can move needed materials across the membrane through active and passive transport so that the internal environment remains stable.
