| Cells in Living Things |
| #1 |
State the Functions of Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Golgi, Endoplasmic Reticulum,Centrioles, Lysosomes, |
Mitochondria:where cellular respiration occurs, provides energy. Ribosome: makes proteins. Golgi: modifies, stores, and routes cell products. ER: highway of cell/stores lipids. Lysosome: breaks down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. |
| #2 |
Budding and Binary Fission |
Binary Fission: mode of prokaryote asexual reproduction in which each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the parent cell's chromosome. Budding: form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism grows on another one. |
| #3 |
Describe Components of the Cell Membrane |
Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Carbohydrates, Glycoproteins |
| #4 |
Identify osmosis, homeostasis, and excretion. |
Osmosis: passive transport of water. Homeostasis:internal stability or 'steady state' maintained by the body. Excretion: removal of nitrogen-containing wastes from the body |
| #5 |
Identify Mitosis |
Interphase:cell carries out its metabolic processes and performs its functions in the body Prophase:replicated chromosomes condense Metaphase: 2nd stage spindle is fully formed and all of the chromosomes are held in place Anaphase: 3rd stage the sister chromatids separate and move toward the poles of the spindle Telophase: Final stage of mitosis he chromosomes reach the spindle poles, nuclear envelopes form around each set of daughter chromosomes, and the nucleoli reappear |
| Ecology |
| #1 |
Identify the Trophic Levels |
Producers, Primary Consumers, Secondary Consumers, Tertiary Consumers, and Quaternary Consumers. (Plants, Bug, Mouse, Snake, Hawk) |
| #2 |
Role of Bacteria in the nitrogen Cycle |
Breakdown nutrients from wastes, and fixing bacteria breaks down gas |
| #3 |
Describe Nitrogen Cycle |
Nitrogen in the air (70%) gets converted into a useful form by nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil. this is taken up by plants, may be eaten by animals, when the living thing dies it is broken down by bacteria which return the nitrogen to the atmosphere. |
| #4 |
Describe Carbon Cycle |
Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is synthesized by plants into plant tissue, which is ingested and metabolized by animals and converted to carbon dioxide again during respiration and decay |
| #5 |
Define Abiotic, what is its opposite |
Opposite is Biotic Abiotic: Not associated with or derived from living organisms. Abiotic factors in an environment include such items as sunlight, temperature, wind patterns, and precipitation. |
| Chemistry of Life |
| #1 |
describe the chemical properties of water. |
it is highly polar it can act as an acid or a base, depending on the situation it is sometimes considered 'the universal solvent' |
| #2 |
identify the general role of vitamins andminerals in cell processes. |
Help enzymes preform there functions. Without them our hormones would be ineffective |
| #3 |
dentify the building blocks of proteins and nucleic acids. |
Proteins(monomer): Amino Acids. Nucleic Acids(polymer): neucleotide |
| #4 |
identify the source of dietary fiber in animals. |
Mainly Carbohydrates (but other foods as well) |
| #5 |
What is a polar molecule |
Polar:molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges |
| Energetics |
| #1 |
identify enzymes. |
specialized protein that catalyzes the chemical reactions of a cell |
| #2 |
compare aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. |
Overall function is the production of energy(ATP). But anaerobic doesn't take place in mitochondria and doesn't absorb oxygen |
| #3 |
identify the basic reactants and products of aerobic respiration. |
Aerobic: 38 molecule of ATP per 1 molecule of glucoseAnaerobic: 2 molecules of ATP per 1 molecule of glucose |
| #4 |
Effect of Temperature on enzyme activity |
High temperatures increase enzyme activity and vise versa but the perfect temperature is 37 C |
| #5 |
Define Catalyst |
agent that speeds up chemical reactions |
| Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis |
| #1 |
identify the steps of protein synthesis. |
1st Transcription: code must first be copied or transcribed to a type of RNA called mRNA (messenger RNA). the codes in DNA and mRNA are carried as units called codons. 2nd Translation:the code carried by the mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids that will form the protein molecule dictated by the DNA |
| #2 |
Codon key |
A-T, G-C, T-A, C-G (A-U) |
| #3 |
What are nucleotides made up of |
Phosphate group, Sugar, and A nitrogeneous base |
| #4 |
Relationship between DNA, tRNA, and mRNA |
They all are involved in protein synthesis |
| #5 |
What is a Gene |
unit of inherited information in DNA |
