It is a surface protein on the cell membrane and is used to identify the cell type.

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An antibody is a chemical that is used to destroy pathogens

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Primary immune response is the initial response to a pathogen. Secondary Immune response is when the body is exposed to a pathogen again and the body is able to respond quickly as it "remembers" the pathogen.

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Active Immunity is when your body develops its own antibodies to a pathogen (Vaccine - your body makes its own antibodies to weakened virus); Passive Immunity is when your body gains antibodies from another individual (e.g., blood transfusion, breastfeeding baby)

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Occurs when 1st line of defense has been broken. Histamines are released signalling white blood cells to move in and attack pathogens. temperature increases to kill pathogens, and infected area may swell.

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A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+, O-

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Universal recipient can receive any type of blood but can only donate to own blood type. AB- is universal recipient. Universal donor (O-) can donate to everyone but can only accept same type of blood.

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AB+ positive blood carries A and B antigens. The O+ blood would recognize the A and B antigens as foreign and attack them, causing the blood to clump.

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Incompatible blood types would clump and potentially causing the blood vessels to become clogged causing death.

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The antigen is the way the blood cell is identified as a particular type of blood cell. There may be up to three antigens on a red blood cell (A, B, Rh factor)

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Hormone, released from glands into the bloodstream

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A communication system for the body

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Hormones fit in specific receptor cells; if receptor cells are missing then hormone cannot deliver message.

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Insulin and Glucagon are complementary hormones. Insulin is released from the pancreas when the blood sugar level is high. After the blood sugar levels return to "normal", the insulin is no longer released. Insulin helps glucose to be absorbed into cellls. Glucagon is released from the pancreas when sugar levels decrease to very low levels. Glucagon signals the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and to release the glucose to the bloodstream, so that the sugar levels will increase. If sugar levels increase too much, insulin will be released again.

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Endocrine  System                             Nervous system

Communication                                 Communication and Integration of information

responds to internal stimulus                Responds to internal and external stimulus

uses hormones to send messages          Uses electrical impulses to send messages

Uses bloodstream to deliver messages     Uses nerves/neurons to deliver messages

Involuntary                                      Involuntary and voluntary

 

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The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous systems includes all the sensory neurons that lead to the brain and spinal cord and all the motor neurons that lead away from the brain and spinal cord.

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The nerve implulse that travels from neuron to neuron.

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receive information, process that information, analzye that information, and send out a message to do something with that information

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A reflex arc is involuntary and sends and receives informatino from the spinal cord only; Voluntary movement requires the use of the brain.

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Your sensory receptors in your eye sends information to the brain (central nervous system). The CNS sends a nerve impluse to a motor neuron in your arm that tells your hand to pick up the pizza.

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The cerebellum controlls?

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dendrite, cell body, axon, axon terminal. Dendrite receives impulse and axon terminal transmits impulse.

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Homeostasis is when the body maintains internal stable environment. An example of this is when the pituitary gland releases ADH to regulate the amount of water in the body.

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Pituitary - master gland that controls 9 other glands; thyroid glands -manage energy use and metabolism, pancreas - manage sugar levels, adrenal glands - manage stress

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An autoimmune disorder is when the immune system attacks its own cells as the immune system cannot distinguish foreign from non foreign cells. The patient may have difficulty balancing, poor posture, and difficulty walking.

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