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Biology Fall Final 2012 Answer Key

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The Scientific Method
#1 An example is when a scientist accidentally gives one group of mice the wrong food. What is 'avoidable error'?
#2 One explains a wide range of observations while the other is an educated guess that is testable. What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?
#3 An example is: a scientist suggests that the amount of sunlight a plant receives could accelerate its growth. What is a hypothesis?
#4 This is the group that allows scientists to make comparisons. What is the control group?
#5 This is the single factor that is changed in the experiment. What is a variable?
Biochemistry
#1 The monomer of this macromolecule is nucleotides. What are nucleic acids?
#2 The movement of water from high concentration to low concentration. What is osmosis?
#3 A type of transport where sodium ions are pumped across a membrane from low concentration to high conentration. What is active transport?
#4 These types of proteins depend on their structure to function properly. They each bind to a specific substrate. What are enzymes?
#5 This is what the fluid mosaic model of membranes are made of. What are lipids and proteins?
Cells and Organelles
#1 These cells are large, complex, and have specialized organelles. What are eukaryotes?
#2 These cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuoles for storing water. What are plant cells?
#3 This organelle is responsible for sorting and shipping the proteins out of the cell. What is the Golgi body (complex)?
#4 These organelles are responsible for protein synthesis. They may be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. What are ribosomes?
#5 This organelle is the site of cellular respiration and, therefore, ATP production. What is the mitochondria?
Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration
#1 This is the first stage of photosynthesis. What are the light-dependent reactions?
#2 This is the site of photosynthesis. What is the chloroplast?
#3 These are the reactants of photosynthesis. What are sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water?
#4 This is the 2nd stage of cellular respiration, provided that oxygen is available. What is the Kreb's (citric acid) cycle?
#5 These are the reactants of cell respiration. What are glucose, water, and oxygen?
DNA, RNA, roteins and Genetics
#1 A random change in the genetic code. What is a mutation?
#2 This is the first step of protein synthesis. It occurs in the nucleus. What is transcription?
#3 This is the 2nd stage of protein synthesis. It occurs on ribosomes either in the cytoplasm or the rough ER. What is translation?
#4 There are 4 of these types of cells produced by meiosis. What are haploid cells/germ cells/sex cells/gametes?
#5 These are the different possible genetic combinations possible in a sex cell (pollen) of a corn plant with the genotype, Ttyy. What is Ty and ty?
Final Question
This is the percentage of the offspring predicted to have normal hearing when a normal, heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) mate and have puppies. What is 50% (or half)?