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The Enlightenment Answer Key

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Scientific Revolution
#1 Nicolaus Copernicus Heliocentric Theory
#2 Isaac Newton Law of Gravity
#3 Dissected human bodies and created detailed drawings of them Andreas Vesalius
#4 The work of Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes help create what? Scientific Method
#5 What is the correct sequence of steps in the scientific method? observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion
Enlightenment Philosophers
#1 What cause did Mary Wollstonecraft fight for most ardently? Rights for women
#2 'Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness'. Which Enlightenment philosopher had the greatest impact on this phrase from the Declaration of Independence, by Thomas Jefferson? John Locke
#3 Which idea, taken from Montesquieu, became an integral part of the American system of government? Separation of power or checks and balances
#4 Strong advoacte for freedom of religion and freedom of speech during the Enlightenment. Voltaire
#5 The idea of a direct democracy is explained by Rousseau in his book _______ ________ ______ The Social Contract
Enlightenment Spreads
#1 Term for the meeting places where the ideas of the enlightenment were spread Salons
#2 Denis Diderot Created the Encyclopedia
#3 New artistic style the replaced the baroque style which stressed grace, elegance, and simplicity. Neoclassical
#4 A system in which rulers tried to rule by enlightenment ideas while still maintaining their royal powers. Enlightened Absolutism/Depotism
#5 Where did the Enlightenment ideas spread to? European society and colonial America
American Revolution
#1 The Declaration of Independence was written who? Thomas Jefferson
#2 The first ten amendments to the Constitution Bill of Rights
#3 System of government in which power is shared between the state and national government Federal System
#4 The United States first constitution Articles of Confederation
#5 What influence did the ideas of the Enlightenment Philosophers have on the U.S. Declaration and Constitution? Support answer with specific details Voltaire, Locke, Beccaria, Montesquieu
Random Questions
#1 When did the the Enlightenment take place? Mid-seventeenth to late eighteenth centuries
#2 Before the 1500s who and what were the final authorities with regard to most knowledge? Ancient Greek and Roman thinkers and the Bible/Church
#3 What sorts of reforms did the enlightened despots make? Increased religious toleration, reduced censorship and torture, improved education, abolished serfdom
#4 How did the ideas of Hobbes and Locke differ? People are naturally selfish;absolute monarchs to protect society / People are good and can govern themselves; governments should protect natural rights
#5 How did the Enlightenment lead to a more secular outlook? Offered new explanations for mysteries of nature, prompted people to question authortiy and religious teachings
Final Question
Why do you think Catherine the Great was attracted to the idea of the philosophers? Why do you think she eventually acted against these ideas?