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Final Exam Review Answer Key

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Biochemistry
#1 What molecule is part of all organic substances? Carbon
#2 What are the four classes of biomolecules (macromolecules)? Carbs, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
#3 What is the function of enzymes? To speed up chemical reactions in the body
#4 List 3 examples of carbs & 3 examples of proteins
#5 List the building blocks and functions of each biomolecule (carb, lipid, protein, nucleic acid)
Cells
#1 What is the smallest unit of life that makes up living organisms? The cell
#2 Name 2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Pro= no nucleus or organelles, Eu = true
#3 Name 2 differences between plant and animal cells
#4 How does the cell membrane help the cell maintain homeostasis?
#5 How does a virus reproduce? Is it living? By entering a host; non-living (cannot reproduce on its own)
Body Systems
#1 What is the control center of the cell? What is the control center of the body? Cell = nucleus; Body = brain
#2 What is the functional unit of the respiratory system that helps exchange gas? Alveoli
#3 What is the main organ of the respiratory, circulatory, and urinary systems? Resp = lung; Circ = heart; Urin = kidney
#4 What is it called when sperm & egg combine (the process & the product)? Fertilization --> Zygote
#5 List the parts of the digestive system in the correct order Mouth; esophagus; stomach; small intestine; large intestine
Evolution & Ecology
#1 Father of Evolution = _____________; Discovered all life came from a __________________. Charles Darwin; Common ancestor
#2 What trophic level recycles nutrients back into the ecosystem? Decomposers
#3 Describe the difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs and provide an example of each Autotrophs= make own food = plants & Heterotrophs = eat food = humans
#4 What are the 7 levels of taxonomy that show relatedness? Circle the one where organisms are MOST related. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
#5 Describe/draw an example of natural selection
Genetics
#1 What are the bases of DNA and which ones pair? RNA? DNA: A-T, C-G, RNA: A-U, C-G
#2 Which gamete determines the sex of an offspring? And what sex chromosomes make up a male? Male gamete; XY
#3 If two heterozygous organisms reproduce, what percent of their children will be homozygous recessive? 25%
#4 Provide an example of incomplete dominance vs codominance.
#5 How do you know if two organisms are the same species? They can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Final Question
How many brothers and sisters does Ms. Gately have? (How many of each? Are they older or younger?) 3 brothers, 2 sisters, all younger