| Cell Type | ||
| #1 | All cells must have what parts? | Cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes |
| #2 | What makes prokaryotes different from eukaryotes? | Prokaryotes have no nucleus |
| #3 | Name the organelle that plants must have that animals do not. | Chloroplast |
| #4 | What is the name of outer layer on a plant cell? | Cell wall |
| #5 | What is the shape of a plant cell and an animal cell? | Plant cells are more rectangular and animal cells are more round. |
| Cell Organelles | ||
| #1 | Where are ribosomes made? | Nucleolus |
| #2 | Name one difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER (besides the difference in the name!). | Ribosomes are attached to the rough ER giving its "bumpy" appearance |
| #3 | What is the purpose of the vacuole? | Storage of materials, also provides support for an upright structure in plants. |
| #4 | What is the purpose of the chlorplast and how is it different from the mitochondria. | Chloroplast turns sun energy into chemical energy (carbohydrates). Mitochondria turn chemical energy (e.g., carbohydrates) into usable energy (ATP) |
| #5 | Describe the path that proteins must take from when they are created to when they leave the cell. | Ribosomes are created in the nucleolus. Ribosomes leave nucleus and move to the cytoplasm. When they arrive at the Rough ER they begin making proteins from amino acids. Proteins are sent to the Golgi apparatus and there they are packaged for export through the cell membrane. |
| Passive Transport | ||
| #1 | What is passive transport? | Movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration. |
| #2 | Why is facilitated diffusion different from simple diffusion? | Facilitated diffusion uses a protein channel to move materials from high to low concentration instead of molecuels moving through membrane without assistance. |
| #3 | What is osmosis? | Diffusion of water from high concentration to low concentration through a semi-permeable membrane. |
| #4 | What kind of diffusion did we observe in the Red Onion Lab? | Osmosis |
| #5 | Why does a plant wilt when it is not watered? | As the water in the solution outside of the cell is depleted, water moves from inside the cell to outside the cell. This causes the vacuole to shrink, thus the plant loses its upright and rigid structure provided by a full vacuole. |
| Active Transport | ||
| #1 | What is active transport? | Active Transport is the movement of materials from low concentration to high concentration (against the gradient) and requires energy. |
| #2 | Name 3 types of active transport | Protein pump, endocytosis, exocytosis |
| #3 | Which direction is material moving during endocytosis? | Into cell |
| #4 | Name two major differences between passive and active transport. | active requires energy and is moving from low to high concentration. passive does not require energy and is moving from high to low. |
| #5 | Name a material that could be leaving the cell during exocytosis. | Waste, cell products (proteins) |
| Everything Else | ||
| #1 | What is a solvent? | Liquid that is dissolving the solute |
| #2 | A cell is sitting a solution of 65% salt. The cell has a salt concentration of 35%. Is the solution hypertonic, Hypotonic, or isotonic? How will the cell reach equilibrium? |
The solution is hypertonic. Water will move from the cell into solution so that salt concentration inside and outside the cell is the same (equilibrium). The water concentration will also be the same. |
| #3 | Give an example of a eukaryotic organism and a prokaryotic organism. |
Eukaryote: Any multicellular organism; Prokaryote: bacteria |
| #4 | My daughter loves salty peanuts but afterwards she always complains she's thirsty. Why is she so thirsty? Use terms related to cell transport in your answer. |
Water moves out of the cell into the solution outside of the cell in an attempt to balance the saltiness of the solution caused by the salty peanuts. Thirst is an indication that the cell's water supply has been depleted. |
| #5 | Describe how cell transport helps maintain homeostasis. | Homestasis is maintained when the internal environement remains stable. Cells can move needed materials across the membrane through active and passive transport so that the internal environment remains stable. |
| Final Question | |
| You are on a hot desert island. You were able to take water or chocolate from the ship before it sank. Which did you choose and why? | Water - as you lose water through perspiration, your body will need to replace that water. While chocolate may temporarily satisfy your hunger, your body will dehydrate meaning that your cells will lose water due to osmosis. Water will diffuse from your cells into your extracellular spaces and cells will eventually die if the water is not replaced. |