How is natural growth rate calculated?

Birth Rate -Death Rate

What is shanty town?

The poor or slum dominated area of a city marked by poor quality infrastructire and possibly crime. 

Squatter settlement. 

How is population density calculated?

population divided by Area (means people living per sq. km.)

Case studay: Name a country with shrinking population 

Japan, Russia, Germany

What are the problems of underpopulation? (name 3)

1. Threshold population not achieved so economic activities will suffer. Weak domestic market for products and services. 

2. Will be difficult to get people to work in hospitals, schools and in other services. 

3. abondoned villages, no one to take care of the elderly population and possible immigration of workers may lead to social conflict.  

Name 4 Marine/River erosional processes

Hydraulic Action

Abrasion or Corrasion

Attrition

Solution or Corrosion 

Name the factors important for spit formation

1. Longshore drift and supply of sand and shingles 

2. Wind and geological structure for the curveture 

3. Tpes of waves 

What is a distributary?

Is a stream that branches off and flows away from a main channel

What is interception? 

Loss of water from the vegetation cover (that does not reach the ground) 

What is a slip of slope? 

inner bend of a meander where water flow is slack and deposition is very active. Deposition may form point bar at this side.

What is HDI (full form)?

Human Development Index

Name 4 water supply methids 

1.Dams and reservoir (municipal water supply)

2.Wells and boreholes (ground water supply) 

3. Rain water harvesting, Gray/grey water recycling 

4. Desalination plants 

What are the indicators of HDI?

1. GNI per capita 

2. Adult literacy rate

3. Life expectancy 

Name 4 renewable energy supply sources 

1. Solar power

2. Wind power

3. Geothermal energy 

4.HEP, tidal power 

Characteristics of extensive farming

1. Covers large areas of land

2. Inputs per unit of land is low. Yield is also low. 

What does a contour line depict?

Altitude (height) of the land from the mean sea level 

What is isohyet?

A line drawn on a map connecting points having equal rainfall at a certain time

Name of the instrument

Anemometer 

What kinds of settlement pattern is this?

Linear settlement 

What kinds of relationship is displayed by this scatter graph?

Negative 

Why is random sampling good in certain cases?

1. It is no bias 

2. It increases the chance more diversified selection menas anybody or anything can be selected.

Name 4 instruments needed to perform river slope/ velocity survey

1. Clinometer

2. Ranging Rod

3. Measuring tape

4. Stop watch or float 

What is a hypothesis?

A statement that can be proved right or wrong on the basis of the experiment or investigation. 

What is a pilot survey?

A mock survey before the actual one to test the questinnaire and instruments so that error can be minimized during the actual survey. 

Name 4 sources of river water pollution