| Crude Oil | The Atmosphere | Polymers | Cooking | Cosmetics and Paint |
| 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 |
| 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 | 30 |
| 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Final Question | ||||
What type of resource is a fossil fuel?
What type of resource is a fossil fuel?
Non-renewable
What does the word "finite" mean?
What does the word "finite" mean?
It will run out one day.
What is the name of the process that separates crude oil into its fractions?
What is the name of the process that separates crude oil into its fractions?
Fractional Distillation
What are some problems associated with crude oil?
What are some problems associated with crude oil?
It will run out
Oil spills
Oil slicks
Energy security - Oil reserves are found in politically unstable areas so supply is not guaranteed
Explain how fractional distillation works.
Explain how fractional distillation works.
There is a temperature gradient in the column.
The longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points due to the stronger intermolecular forces.
The larger molecules leave at the bottom of the column.
What percentage of the air is oxygen?
What percentage of the air is oxygen?
21%
What process released oxygen into the atmosphere?
What process released oxygen into the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis
What processes release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
What processes release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
Respiration and Combustion
What two problems are caused by oxides of nitrogen?
What two problems are caused by oxides of nitrogen?
Acid rain and photochemical smog
Explain how catalytic converters work.
Explain how catalytic converters work.
Convert carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide.
Convert nitrogen oxide into nitrogen gas.
This reduces the atmospheric pollution from car exhausts.
What process is used to make polymers?
What process is used to make polymers?
Polymerisation
What is the name of the polymer made from styrene monomers?
What is the name of the polymer made from styrene monomers?
Poly(styrene)
How can polymers be disposed of?
How can polymers be disposed of?
Landfill
Recycling
Burning
What is the difference between breathable and waterproof?
What is the difference between breathable and waterproof?
Waterproof: Stops water getting in but doesn't let sweat out.
Breathable: Stops water getting in and lets sweat out.
Explain how poly(ethene) is made.
Explain how poly(ethene) is made.
Many ethene monomers join together to make the polymer.
Requires a high pressure and a catalyst.
The double bonds in the ethene monomers are broken to allow them to join to other ethene monomers.
What type of change is cooking?
What type of change is cooking?
Chemical
Explain what happens to a protein as it is cooked.
Explain what happens to a protein as it is cooked.
Proteins denature and this changes the texture of the food.
What happens when baking powder is heated?
What happens when baking powder is heated?
It breaks down in a thermal decomposition reaction to make carbon dioxide, water and sodium carbonate.
How do emulsifiers work?
How do emulsifiers work?
The hydrophobic end bonds to the oil.
The hydrophilic end bonds to the water.
This stops the oil and water separating.
Explain what happens when potatoes are cooked.
Explain what happens when potatoes are cooked.
The cell wall breaks down.
This makes the potato softer.
Starch grains are released which absorb water and swell
What does soluble mean?
What does soluble mean?
It dissolves
What does the binding medium in paint do?
What does the binding medium in paint do?
Sticks the pigment to the wall
What type of pigment changes colour when the temperature changes?
What type of pigment changes colour when the temperature changes?
Thermochromic
Name two properties a perfume should have.
Name two properties a perfume should have.
Evaporates easily
Non-toxic
Does not react with water
Does not irritate the skin
Insoluble in water
Explain why water will not dissolve nail polish.
Explain why water will not dissolve nail polish.
The particles of water are more strongly attracted to each other than to the nail polish particles.
Define the term "Hydrocarbon"
Define the term "Hydrocarbon"
Substance made of hydrogen and carbon ONLY
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