What ancient text were humanist using as a basis for their new studies?

Who is referred to as the Father of Humanism?

Define Humanism

Which Humanist used their studies of classical texts to prove the Donation of Constantine (8th) century, was fake?

What is Pico della Mirandola known for?

Who is referred to as the "Renaissance Man", why?  Who is a runner up to this title?

Which artist is often referred to as the Greatest Painter of All time?

What does it mean to be a Patron of the Arts, provide an example.

There are two statues of David, who created them and who comissioned their creation?

Name at least (2) of Raphaels paintings

Name this piece of art, and its creator.

Name this piece of art and its creator

Name this piece of art and its creator.

Name this piece of art and its creator.

Name this piece of art and its creator.

Who led the first protestant reformation?

Which protestant leader picked up where Zwingli left off and gained territory and followers in Switzerland?

What is a protestant?

Why did many German Princes back up Martin Luther and push the Protestant Reformation forward?

Describe the series of events that led to Henry VIII creating the Church of England.

True/False

Most Catholic priest during this time spoke latin, and took their religious vows very seriously.

Name one Pope During the Renaissance. If possible name something they did to contribute to the Renaissance.

What are indulgence?

What were Martin Luthers top TWO complaints about the Catholic Church?

How did the Printing Press contibute to the spread of the Protestant Reformation?

Ancient Latin and Greek text, referred to as Classical Texts.  These works are from people such as Cicero from the Roman Republic.

Petarch, he is responsible for rediscovering Cicero's letters and is often given credit for contributing to the start of the Renaissance.  He was also from the 14th century, predating the other Humanists.

Attributing the studies and success to the Human aspect, not the divine.  So secular over religious.  Also can be referred to as the study of the Humanities. 

Lorenzo Valla used an early form of Forensics to determine that the Donation of Constantine was a fake, most likely created by the Catholic Church to increase their own wealth.  He did this by studing writing styles both classical and vernacular across time.

His work titled the Oration on the dignity of man (1486) - Also referred to as the Manifesto of the Renaissance.  

It discussed and highlighted the capability of man, as opposed to religious beliefs.

Leonardo da Vinci is known as the Renaissance man as he excelled in numerous aspects of art, literature, science, engineering, architecture, etc..  Michelangelo is a runner up to this title.

Raphael

During this time a Patron of the Arts was someone who comissioned artwork to be created.  Two major examples would be Cosimio de' Medici, and the Catholic Church.  They hired numerous artists to create both secular and nonsecular pieces of art.

Donatello created the "Bronze" David, it was the first freestanding nude sculpture of the Renaissance.  This was comissioned by the Medici family of Florence.

Michelangelo created the statue of David (17ft) tall, with exagerrated features such as an enlarged head and hands.  This was comissioned by the city of Florence.

School of Athens (One of the most famous)

The Sistine Maradona (Has the little Cherubs in it)

Transfiguration

Many others...

The Mona Lisa (1503-1517)

Leonardo da Vinci

The Creation of Adam (1511-1512)

Michelangelo

This is part of a larger painting on the Celing of the Sistine Chapel.

The School of Athens

Raphael

Depicts many heros of the past, (mostly classical/mythological figures) secularly.

The Arnolfini Marriage (1434)

Jan van Eyck 

This painting is from the Northern Renaissance.

Children's Games (1560)

Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Martin Luther and his establishment of Lutheranism.  Most popular in the German territories as Martin Luther was a German Monk

John Calvin

He also taught the theory of Predestination.

Any christian religion that is not catholic.

They PROTEST against the Catholic church and do their own things.

Their main differences were that good acts were not needed to get into heaven, only faith alone.

Bible Written in the Vernacular for everyone to read/interpret.

Political reasons.  They wanted to seize power from their Emperor Charles V, by making their people believe in a different religion.

His wife Catherine was married to his older brother, when his brother died, Henry got special permission from the Pope to marry Catherine as it was a sin to marry you brothers wife.

Years later when Catherine would not produce a male heir he asked the Pope for permission to divorce based on the grounds of their marriage was illegal since he was first his brothers wife.

The Pope (also SPanish like Catherine of Aragon) refused on the grounds that he had already given special permission to make this marriage legal.)

Henry VIII being persuaded by Anne Boleyn and others, created his own religion (The Church of England) where he was essentially the Pope (head of religious matters) and granted himself the divorce.

The church of England was very similar to the Catholic Church.

False.  Many priest were there solely to get money, did not even speak latin, or practice things such as celibicy etc...

Pope Martin V

Pope Eugene IV

Pope Nicholas V

Pope Callitxus III

Pope Pius II

Pope Paul II

Pope Sixtus IV

Pope Innocent VIII

Pope Alexander VI

Pope Pius III

Pope Julis II

Pope Leo X

Pope Adrian VI

Pope Clement VII

Indulgences are something that the Catholic Church SOLD to reduce time spent in purgatory.

So essentially people were paying money to be forgiven of their sins, even sins they had yet to commit.

The Selling of Indulgence

Corrupt Papacy

It allowed for the quick and widespread of documents such as Martin Luther's 95 Theses.