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Structure of Matter Answer Key

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Atoms Basics
#1

What kinds of particles make up an atom?

  1. protons, neutrons, and electrons
  2. elements, compounds, and molecules
  3. protons, nuclei, and electrons

a. protons, neutrons, and electrons

#2

Which part of an atom has the least mass?

 

  1. a proton
  2. an electron
  3. a neutron
  4. the nucleus

B. an electron

#3

What are the main particles in the nuclus of an atom?

Protons and Neutrons

#4

The electron cloud surrounding the nucleus of an atom...

  1. contains most of the mass of the atom
  2. is enclosed by a solid shell
  3. is mostly empty space

C. is mostly empty space

#5

What are the charges of the particles in an atom?

Protons = positive

Electrons = negative

Neutrons = neutral (no charge)

Atoms Advanced
#1

How is the path of electron on your models different from an actual atom?

Electrons travel in 3D paths in the electron clouds.

#2

About how much mass is in the electron cloud?

Less than 1%

#3

The nucleus accounts for approximately what percentage of the total mass of an atom?

99%

#4

Which particles determine an atoms charge?

Protons and electrons

#5

How fast do electrons move?

Near the speed of light

States of Matter Basics
#1

How do the molecules of a solid move?

They vibrate back and forth in one place.

#2

When energy is taken away, molecular motion...

  1. decrease
  2. increases
  3. stays the same

a. Decreases

#3

Silver is a metal that can be melted to form jewelry.  As the silver melts, what happens to the atoms that make up the solid?

  1. they move closer together
  2. they move faster
  3. they move in circles

B. They move faster

#4

When a substance changes from a solid to liquid to gas, the molecular motion...

increases

#5

What causes matter to change from one state to another?

Temperature (energy) Changes

Heat/Cooling

States of Matter Advanced
#1

List the states of matter in DECREASING molecular motion

Gas, Liquid, Solid

#2

What two states of matter do not change volume?

Solid and liquid

#3

What is the most common state of matter in the universe?

Plasma

#4

In which two phase changes involving water does the motion of water molecules INCREASE?

  1. the melting of ice and the condensation of water vapor
  2. the freezing of water and the evaporation of water
  3. the melting of ice and the evaporation of water

C. The melting of ice and evaportation of water

#5

X, Y, and Z are either a solid, liquid, or gas.  Which one is which?

X Y Z

Particles move independently of each other

Particles vibrate about a fixed point Particles move past one another

X = Gas

Y = Solid

Z = Liquid

Periodic Table
#1

What are the elements in:

CO2

Carbon and Oxygen

#2

What are the elements in:

XeF4

Xenon and Fluorine

#3

What are the elements in:

CaCl2

Calcium and Chlorine

#4

What are the elements in:

2AgNO3

Silver, Nitrogen, and Oxygen

#5

What are the elements in:

CuSO4

Copper, Sulfur, and Oxygen

Final Question

What are the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons (PEN) in the element Iodine?

P = 53

E = 53

N = 74