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World History Unit II Round 1 Answer Key

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Scientific Revolution
#1 What is at the center of a geocentric view of the universe? Earth
#2 Which scientist was the first to adopt a heliocentric view of the universe? Nicolaus Copernicus
#3 Which scientist is well known for his theories on gravity? Isaac Newton
#4 Which scientist’s heliocentric views of the universe caused conflict with the Catholic Church? Galileo Galilei
#5 What did Francis Bacon develop that assisted scientists during the Scientific Revolution? Scientific Method
Enlightenment
#1 Voltaire’s Treatise on Toleration outlined which important principle? Freedom of Religion
#2 Which Enlightenment thinker believed that knowledge could be gained through experience? John Locke
#3 What was the French name given to the philosophers of the Enlightenment who used reason and appeal to facts in order to study society? Philosophes
#4 Which Enlightenment thinker’s The Social Contract argued that people adopted laws and government in order to preserve their private property? Rousseau
#5 Which Enlightenment thinker tried to find the natural laws that govern the social and political relationships of human beings? Montesquieu
Reform
#1 What was Denis Diderot’s major contribution to the Enlightenment? Encyclopedia
#2 Which economist wrote the book The Wealth of Nations and argued for laissez-faire governmental economic policies? Adam Smith
#3 Which Anglican minister began the Methodist Church? John Wesley
#4 Which women’s rights advocate wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women? Mary Wollstonecraft
#5 Which prison reformer argued against corporeal and capital punishment? Cesare Beccaria
1700s Monarchs & Wars
#1 The North American branch of the Seven Years War was called what? French & Indian War
#2 From what country was the famous female ruler Catherine II (or Catherine the Great)? Russia
#3 From what country was the famous female ruler Maria Theresa? Austria
#4 Which war began after Frederick II of Prussia took control of Austrian Silesia? War of Austrian Succession
#5 Which system of government featured rulers trying to rule by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers? Enlightened Absolutism
Hodge Podge
#1 This was a period of history that led to many advances in science? Scientific Revolution
#2 What was the period in history that led to many philosophies on the best form of government to be developed? Enlightenment
#3 What is the most important difference between the Ptolemaic and the Copernican version of the universe? Body at the center of the universe
#4 Francis Bacon, Galileo Galilei, and Isaac Newton promoted the idea that knowledge should be based on what? Experimentation & Observation
#5 The French philosopher René Descartes promoted what system of thought based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge? Rationalism
Final Question