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Genetics Review Game Answer Key

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The Central Dogma
#1 Why is DNA considered the code of life? The bases of DNA are read as a 'code' that transcribe into RNA and are translated into proteins that make us look and act how we do.
#2 Translate this DNA transcript into a protein: AATCGGTAG
#3 Name of the place of transcription and translation inside a cell. Transcription = nucleus, translation = cytoplasm
#4 Using exactly 3 arrows and 6 words, visually describe The Central Dogma
#5 Which two organelles of the cell are responsible for the processes of the central dogma? What is their role? Nucleus holds DNA, ribosome makes proteins
Mutations
#1 What is a mutation? Mistake in the DNA (change in DNA sequence)
#2 What is it called when a single base is swapped for a different base? Point mutation
#3 What is the name of the mutation that does not cause any affect on the protein. Silent mutation
#4 Why are frameshift mutations more deleterious than point mutations? Because the whole frame is shifted, causing a large change in the resulting protein
#5 If there was a mutation from AUG to AUC, how would that impact the protein? The protein could not be created because AUG is the start codon.
Inheritance Patterns
#1 What inheritance pattern is responsible for red flowers and white flowers having all red offspring when bred together? Complete dominance
#2 A spotted snake exhibits what type of inheritance pattern? Codominance
#3 Describe an example of incomplete dominance. A red flower and a white flower having pink flower offspring
#4 Create a punnet square problem (and answer it!) that exhibits complete dominance.
#5 If you breed two pink (incompletely dominant) flowers together, what are the phenotypic ratios of their offspring? 1 red: 2 pink: 1 white
Blood Type/Sex-Linked
#1 Write the genotypes of an affected woman and an affected man. X^hX^h and X^hY
#2 Which blood type can receive any blood type and still be ok? Explain why. Type AB because the body recognizes both the A and B antigens as 'self'
#3 List the phenotypes and genotypes of the four blood types. Type A = AA, AO, Type B = BB, BO, Type AB = AB, Type O = OO
#4 A woman heterozygous for type A has a baby with a man homozygous for type B. What are the possible PHENOTYPES of their children? Type AB and Type B
#5 A couple has one daughter with hemophilia, one daughter who carries hemophilia. What are the genotypes of the parents? X^hX and X^hY
Vocabulary
#1 A woman who has the allele for a disorder on only one of her X's Carrier
#2 When a person has two copies of the same allele Homozygous
#3 When there are many alleles that control a trait, such as in blood type Multiple Allele Inheritance
#4 When there are many genes that control a trait, such as in skin color Polygenic Inheritance
#5 Another word for heterozygous; Another word for homozyogus Hetero = Hybrid, Homo = Purebred
Final Question
What schools did Ms. Gately go to for college and graduate school? College = UMass Amherst, Graduate School = UMass Boston