| Basic Principles of Sensation | ||
| #1 | ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time | cocktail party effect |
| #2 | The minimum amount of stimulation a person needs to detect a stimulus 50 percent of the time | absolute threshold |
| #3 | After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates | sensory adaptation |
| #4 | Trying to see a hidden representational image in a piece of abstract art by looking carefully at each element in the picture and trying to form an image employs which kind of perceptual process? | bottom-up processing |
| #5 | emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds | signal detection theory |
| Vision and Hearing | ||
| #1 | Which receptor cells are the most light sensitive? | rods |
| #2 | The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses | cochlea |
| #3 | In what part of the brain are feature detectors located? | occipital lobe |
| #4 | Theory that presumes the brain determines a sound's pitch by recognizing the specific place on the basilar membrane that is generating the neural signal | place theory |
| #5 | Decreased visual acuity would likely indicate damage to what part of the eye? | fovea |
| Touch and Pain | ||
| #1 | When ice-cold water passes through one coil and comfortably warm water through another, how do we perceive the combined sensation? | burning hot |
| #2 | Which theory suggests that large-fiber activity in the spinal cord can prevent pain signals from reaching the brain? | gate-control theory |
| #3 | sensory receptor that sends signals that cause the perception of pain to the brain and spinal cord | nociceptors |
| #4 | monitors your head's and body's position and movement and associated with sense of balance | vestibular sense |
| #5 | Important sensors in your joints, tendons, bones, and ears enable your sense of the position and movements of your body parts, known as___. | Kinesthesis |
| Taste and Smell | ||
| #1 | The sense of smell is known as | olfaction |
| #2 | Name the 5 types of taste. | sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami |
| #3 | Taste and smell are both what kind of senses? | chemical |
| #4 | The area of the brain that receives information from the nose is directly connected with the limbic system. This connection may explain why smells are often involved in ___? | vivid memories |
| #5 | principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste | sensory interaction |
| Perception | ||
| #1 | the process by which we select, organize, and interpret sensory information in order to recognize meaningful objects and events | perception |
| #2 | The study of phenomena such as clairvoyance and telepathy | parapsychology |
| #3 | When two adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession, we perceive a single light moving back and forth between them. This is known as | phi phenomenon |
| #4 | A binocular cue for perceiving depth or distance | retinal disparity |
| #5 | The tendency to perceive a moving light in the night sky as belonging to an airplane rather than a satellite best illustrates the impact of __? | perceptual set |
| Final Question | |
| Name and explain the 4 types of perceptual constancy. | Size constancy - the tendency to view an object as constant in size despite changes in the size of the retinal image. Shape constancy - the tendency to see an object as keeping its form despite changes in orientation. Color constancy: perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color even with altered wavelengths. Lightness Constancy: object has constant lightness/brightness even when illumination varies. |